No women aged 20 to 24 died of cervical cancer in England between 2020 and 2024, marking the first time zero deaths have been recorded in this age group. Researchers attribute this milestone to the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme. The findings were published in The Lancet.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London monitored cervical cancer rates and deaths in England, finding that five consecutive years with no deaths in this age group is unprecedented in available data. Based on historical rates, approximately 23 deaths would have been expected during this period. Around 90% of women in England aged 20 to 24 were vaccinated when they were 12 or 13 years old.
The study provides the first evidence that HPV vaccination prevents cervical cancer deaths, building on previous research showing dramatic reductions in HPV infections and cancer incidence. Lead author Professor Peter Sasieni noted initial concerns that the vaccine might primarily prevent cancers that would have been detected early through screening. However, the data suggest protection extends to cancers that screening might have missed.
Whilst some deaths occurred among women aged 25 to 29, these were far fewer than expected. Researchers estimate approximately 200 lives have already been saved, with projections suggesting around 18,000 deaths may be prevented in the longer term as vaccinated cohorts age.
HPV is spread through sexual activity, with many strains genetically modifying cells in ways highly likely to cause cancer. The vaccine also protects against other HPV-related cancers affecting the mouth, throat, anus, and penis, as well as genital warts.
However, researchers expressed concern that vaccine uptake has fallen considerably since the COVID-19 pandemic, potentially affecting future progress.
Source: New Scientist / Queen Mary University of London (The Lancet, 2026)
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